Statistical Consultation Line: (865) 742-7731
Accredited Professional Statistician For Hire
  • Contact Form

Causality in Statistical Power: Isomorphic Properties of Measurement, Research Design, Effect Size, and Sample Size

3/18/2016

1 Comment

 

Newest publication from Dr. Eric Heidel, creator of Research Engineer

Directly related to Statistical Power engine of Research Engineer

My newest published article in Scientifica is now available for download online and on the Research Engineer website. The creation of the Statistical Power engine of Research Engineer led me to write the article. Click on the Download Article button below to download a .pdf directly from the website or click on the Statistical Power button to be taken to the aforementioned engine. Many thanks and regards to everyone that uses Research Engineer! -EH

Download Article
Statistical Power
Research Engineer Home Page
Scale, LLC
1 Comment

Curriculum vitae for Eric Heidel, Ph.D., Owner and Operator of Scale, LLC and Research Engineer

1/21/2016

1 Comment

 

Curriculum vitae for Eric Heidel, Ph.D.

Academic and work history for the Owner and Operator of Scale, LLC and Research Engineer

In an effort to further promote the efficacy and effectiveness of Research Engineer, I am publishing the most current version of my curriculum vitae. I greatly appreciate everyone using the website and I want them to know that I'm the real deal. I maintain, promote, and publish all of the original content in Research Engineer. Creating a website (and business) has been one of the greatest experiences of my life and the rewards for my efforts are starting to come to fruition. 

However, I also have the distinct privilege of being a member of the faculty at the University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine (UTGSM). Dr. James Neutens, Dr. William Metheny, Dr. Eddie Moore, and Dr. Mitchell Goldman gave me the opportunity of a lifetime when they hired me out of obscurity as a 1st year graduate student in Counselor Education at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. They entrusted me with the research endeavors of medical residents, fellows, faculty, and staff at the UTGSM and allowed me to learn the art of research design and statistical consultation in a great work environment. Then, they honored me with a newly created appointment as a junior faculty member at the UTGSM, where I have worked since June, 2012.

I also want to give "props" to my Mom and Dad. They opened every door for me in life and believed in me, even when they should not have, and even when I did not believe in myself. We will get our trophy back one day, I promise.

And to my wife and step-kids, who have supported me since the inception of Scalë, LLC and Research Engineer, I pledge my love, my time, and my life. I will be the one in one hundred.

Click on the button below to review my curriculum vitae. And please realize that it would not look like it does without the aforementioned people and institutions above taking a chance on me. I am humbled and honored to be in this position and will continue to fight the good fight in my position as a faculty member at UTGSM, Owner and Operator of Scalë, LLC and Research Engineer, and as a man.

Sincerely,

R. Eric Heidel, Ph.D.
​
Download Curriculum Vitae

Scale, LLC
1 Comment

Easy statistics help with SPSS

11/13/2015

4 Comments

 

SPSS has a user-friendly interface and powerful capabilities

Conducting statistics and interpreting outputs is easy in SPSS

Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS; Armonk, NY, IBM Corp.) is a statistical software application that allows for researchers to enter and manipulate data and conduct various statistical analyses. Step by step methods for conducting and interpreting over 60 statistical tests are available in Research Engineer. Videos will be coming soon. Click on a link below to gain access to the methods for conducting and interpreting the statistical analysis in SPSS.

Between-subjects

Chi-square Goodness-of-fit
Chi-square
Fisher's Exact Test
Mann-Whitney U
Independent Samples t-test
Kruskal-Wallis
ANOVA

Within-subjects

McNemar's Test
Wilcoxon
Repeated-Measures t-test
Cochran's Q
Friedman's ANOVA
Repeated-Measures ANOVA

Correlations

Phi-Coefficient
Point Biserial
Rank Biserial
Biserial
Spearman's rho
Pearson's r

Regression

Logistic Regression
Multinomial Logistic Regression
Proportional Odds Regression
Multiple Regression
Poisson Regression
Negative Binomial Regression

Scale, LLC
4 Comments

Research Engineer makes applied research and statistics easier

10/22/2015

0 Comments

 

Research Engineer is designed to get you to the correct research question, research design, sample size, database, and statistical test

Based on your decisions to the questions presented, you will get to right place

A few words on what I'm doing on here. I am a biostatistician, methodologist, psychometrician, and counselor. Everyday, the incredibly intelligent people I work with including physicians, residents, fellows, staff, and faculty feel anxiety when it comes to statistics and research. Research has shown that statistics can induce cognitive dissonance in an individual due to limited experiences and competencies. The collective unconscious has sequestered statistics and research into a dark corner and that's scary.

Research and statistics are the methods by which we, as scientists, analyze, synthesize, and evaluate our research findings in a manner that can be generalized to the appropriate audience. If our methods for communicating research findings causes cognitive dissonance, just because it relates to research and statistics, then how can one ever really be able to generalize the clinical literature and integrate it into clinical practice?

After seven years of being the one to induce cognitive dissonance in others related to research and statistics, I decided to make a useful tool for students and researchers that could alleviate some of the feelings of anxiety associated with research and statistics. I built Research Engineer.

Research Engineer is designed to get you to the correct research question, research design, sample size, database, statistical test, evidence-based medicine intervention, diagnostic calculation, epidemiological calculation, variables, surveys, psychometrics, and educational framework to answer your current question (and future questions). 

I am trying to bring research and statistics out of the collective unconscious and into the conscious mind where it can be effectively communicated among researchers, scientists, and students by creating this decision engine. It is easy to get to the correct research or statistical component, just answer the questions that I present you in the webpages and click on the buttons with your answer in them. Also, the step-by-step methods for conducting and interpreting each statistical test in SPSS are presented on their respective webpages. 

You can also contact me via phone, social media, and email at any time in you have questions. If you need some help conducting statistics for a research project, I have eight years of experience across thousands of individual projects and I would love to help you on your study.  We can negotiate prices if you are an undergraduate or graduate researcher. 

In conclusion, Research Engineer makes choosing research methods and statistical tests MUCH EASIER. Just answer the questions embedded in the various decision engines and get to the correct method or test, EVERY TIME.

Thanks for your continued support, dear friends and colleagues. And many thanks and salutations to the individuals that use Research Engineer. I am honored and humbled to have this great opportunity to create a very useful and unique website. You all are the ones that make it shine!

​Sincerely,

R. Eric Heidel, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Biostatistics
​Affiliate Professor of Biomedical Engineering
Department of Surgery
Office of Medical Education, Research, and Development
University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine
Owner and Operator, Scale, LLC

Scale, LLC
0 Comments

Eric Heidel, Owner and Operator of Scale, LLC, gets married

10/19/2015

0 Comments

 

Scale, LLC was promoted at the event

Wife pushed for local business listing on Google

Hello everyone,

I got married yesterday to my sweet love, Jennifer Dawn Heidel. She has two great kids, Britain, 6, and Kennedy, 11. It feels great to get past another rite of passage as a man and also to marry well. 

Truth be told, she had been on to me about getting Scale, LLC and Research Engineer registered as a business listing on Google for some time. I arranged for it and the letter arrived in the mail today. Try "Googling" us!

I'm getting back to my honeymoon. Thanks so much for your patronage of the blog and website!

Sincerely,

Eric Heidel, Ph.D.
Owner and Operator
​Scale, LLC

Scale, LLC
0 Comments

Within-subjects designs increase statistical power

10/4/2015

1 Comment

 

Within-subjects designs increase statistical power

Each participant serves as their own control in within-subjects designs

Within-subjects designs increase statistical power. because participants serve as their own control. Between-subjects designs necessitate more observations of the outcome to be able to effectively compare independent groups on an outcome. Multivariate analyses further decrease statistical power in that many more observations of the outcome to detect significant effects. At least 20 -40 more observations of the outcome have to collected per variable entered into a simultaneous of hierarchial regression model in order to meet statistical power when trying to account for demographic, etiological, clinical, and confounding effects.

Within-subjects designs, when coupled with with continuous outcomes, large effect sizes, limited variance in the outcome and a large sample size, greatly increase statistical power. Small effect sizes are also easier to detect using within-subjects statistics because participants serve as their own control. Within-subjects design also provide more statistical power when small sample sizes are used.    

Scale, LLC
1 Comment

New published research from Eric Heidel 

10/2/2015

0 Comments

 

Published research in pharmacy and statistics

Two recent publications from R. Eric Heidel, Ph.D.

By day, I am an Assistant Professor of Biostatistics, Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine. My primary work task is to consult on resident, fellow, physician, faculty, and staff research projects and conduct statistical analyses. I also publish my own original research.

By night, I am Owner and Operator of Scalë, LLC and Research Engineer. Here are some recent publications that can further reinforce that I run a credible website with valid and relevant content. And as always, thank you for using Research Engineer!

Best,

​R. Eric Heidel, Ph.D.
Research Avenues and PPACA
Hemodynamic Effects of Amiodarone

Scale, LLC
0 Comments

New Pages for Hypothesis Testing, Measurement, and Populations in Research Engineer

9/19/2015

0 Comments

 

Pages for alpha value, beta value, Type I and Type II error, one-tailed and two-tailed tests, precision and accuracy, and inclusion and exclusion criteria

New content for Research Engineer

The following pages have been added to Research Engineer. We are dedicated here at Scale, LLC to delivering the newest and most pertinent content for you!

1. Inclusion criteria
2. Exclusion criteria
3. Precision in measurement
4. Accuracy in measurement
5. Hypothesis testing
6. Alpha value
7. Beta value
8. Type I error
9. Type II error
10. One-sided hypothesis
11. Two-sided hypothesis

Thank you for your continued use of the website! ~EH

Scale, LLC
0 Comments

Comparative Effectiveness Research and the PPACA

8/20/2015

1 Comment

 

Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER) and PPACA

New research avenues from federal legislation

The advent of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) will lead to drastic changes in the way that research is conducted to better understand healthcare outcomes of comparable treatments. The PPACA created the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) for the purposes of bolstering and supplementing the ability of researchers to conduct Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER).

Comparative Effectiveness Research is defined in the PPACA as "research evaluation and comparing health outcomes and clinical effectiveness, risks, and benefits of two or more medical treatments, services, and items." Treatment, services, and items were defined as "healthcare interventions; protocols for treatment, care management, and delivery; procedures; medical devices; diagnostic tools; pharmaceuticals; integrative health practices; any other strategies or items being used in the treatment, management, and diagnosis, or prevention of, illness or injury in individuals."

The PPACA further set forth that the PCORI should focus on Comparative Effectiveness Research in existing clusters or subgroups of the population that are underserved or unrepresented in the current clinical literature. These clusters or subgroups tend to relate to ethnicity, gender, age, and comorbidities. These are called sensitivity analysis in that the analysis focuses strictly on these subgroups within a population.

The research designs associated with Comparative Effectiveness Research under the guise of the PPACA include randomized trials and observational designs such as prospective cohort and retrospective cohort. Randomized trials are more feasible than randomized controlled trials because the randomization occurs at the intervention level rather than the patient level. PCORI further stipulated that observational designs should meet certain benchmark criteria before valid generalizations can be made: Valid research questions, explicitly defined inclusion and exclusion criteria for participation, comparable interventions or treatments, sound secondary data sources, and transparency of treatment and analysis protocols.

Federal legislation has approved the use of observational research designs like the retrospective cohort design where data and outcomes already exist, making research much more feasible and user-friendly to conduct. 

Scale, LLC
1 Comment

Revenue for Research Engineer

7/29/2015

0 Comments

 

Statistical consultation and downloads

Making money from a free website is awesome

I have been running Research Engineer for close to a year now and have made some money. However, I'm still very much in the red, the learning curve is still very wide, and I'm still working hard every day to make the website better. I have put the integrity and functionality of my website ahead of making money as a tech start-up. With that being said, I offer my services as a statistical consultant at a highly competitive price and have several calculators, databases, and templates available for download. Thank you for using Research Engineer! 

Scale, LLC
0 Comments
<<Previous

    Archives

    March 2016
    January 2016
    November 2015
    October 2015
    September 2015
    August 2015
    July 2015
    May 2015
    April 2015
    March 2015
    February 2015
    January 2015
    December 2014
    November 2014
    October 2014
    September 2014

    Author

    Eric Heidel, Ph.D. is Owner and Operator of Scalë, LLC.

    Categories

    All
    95% Confidence Interval
    Absolute Risk Reduction
    Accuracy
    Acquiring Clinical Evidence
    Adjusted Odds Ratio
    Affordable Care Act
    Alpha Value
    ANCOVA Test
    ANOVA Test
    Applying Clinical Evidence
    Appraisal Of The Literature
    Appraising Clinical Evidence
    A Priori
    Area Under The Curve
    Asking Clinical Questions
    Assessing Clinical Practice
    AUC
    Basic Science
    Beta Value
    Between-subjects
    Biserial
    Blinding
    Bloom's Taxonomy
    Bonferroni
    Boolean Operators
    Calculator
    Case-control Design
    Case Series
    Categorical
    Causal Effects
    Chi-square
    Chi-square Assumption
    Chi-square Goodness-of-fit
    Classical Test Theory
    Clinical Pathways
    Clustered Random Sampling
    Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel
    Cochran's Q Test
    Coefficient Of Determination
    Cognitive Dissonance
    Cohort
    Comparative Effectiveness Research
    Comparator
    Concurrent Validity
    Confidence Interval
    Confirmatory Factor Analysis
    Construct Specification
    Construct Validity
    Continuous
    Control Event Rate
    Convenience Sampling Method
    Convergent Validity
    Copyright
    Correlations
    Count Variables
    Cox Regression
    Cronbach's Alpha
    Cross-sectional
    Curriculum Vitae
    Database Management
    Diagnostic Testing
    EBM
    Education
    Effect Size
    Empirical Literature
    Epidemiology
    Equivalency Trial
    Eric Heidel
    Evidence-based Medicine
    Exclusion Criteria
    Experimental Designs
    Experimental Event Rate
    Facebook
    Factorial ANOVA
    Feasible Research Questions
    FINER
    Fisher's Exact Tests
    Friedman's ANOVA
    Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE)
    "gold Standard" Outcome
    G*Power
    Guidelines For Authors
    Hazard Ratio
    Hierarchical Regression
    Homogeneity Of Variance
    Hypothesis Testing
    ICC
    Incidence
    Inclusion Criteria
    Independence Of Observations Assumption
    Independent Samples T-test
    Intention-to-treat
    Internal Consistency Reliability
    Interquartile Range
    Inter-rater Reliability
    Interval Variables
    Intervention
    Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
    Isomorphism
    Item Response Theory
    Kaplan-Meier Curve
    Kappa Statistic
    KR-20
    Kruskal-Wallis
    Kurtosis
    Levene's Test
    Likert Scales
    Linearity
    Listwise Deletion
    Logarithmic Transformations
    Logistic Regression
    Log-Rank Test
    Longitudinal Data
    MANCOVA
    Mann-Whitney U
    MANOVA
    Mass Emails In Survey Research
    Math
    Mauchly's Test
    McNemar's Test
    Mean
    Measurement
    Median
    Medicine
    Merging Databases
    Missing Data
    Mode
    Multinomial Logistic Regression
    Multiple Regression
    Multivariate Statistics
    Negative Binomial Regression
    Negative Predictive Value
    Nominal Variables
    Nonequivalent Control Group Design
    Non-inferiority
    Non-inferiority Trial
    Non-parametric Statistics
    Non-probability Sampling
    Normality
    Normality Of Difference Scores
    Normal Probability Plot
    Novel Research Question
    Number Needed To Treat
    Observational Research
    Odds Ratio With 95% CI
    One-sample Median Tests
    One-sample T-test
    One-sided Hypothesis
    One-Way Random
    Operationalization
    Ordinal
    Outcome
    Outliers
    Parametric Statistics
    Pearson's R
    Ph.D.
    Phi Coefficient
    PICO
    Pilot Study
    Point Biserial
    Poisson Regression
    Population
    Positive Predictive Value
    Post Hoc
    Post-positivism
    PPACA
    PPV
    Precision
    Predictive Validity
    Prevalence
    Principal Components Analysis
    Probability Sampling
    Propensity Score Matching
    Proportion
    Proportional Odds Regression
    Prospective Cohort
    Psychometrics
    Psychometric Tests
    Publication
    Publication Bias
    Purposive Sampling
    P-value
    Random Assignment
    Randomized Controlled Trial
    Random Selection
    Rank Biserial
    Ratio Variables
    Receiver Operator Characteristic
    Regression
    Regression Analysis
    Relative Risk
    Relevant Research Question
    Reliability
    Repeated-measures ANOVA
    Repeated-measures T-test
    Research
    Research Design
    Research Engineer
    Research Journal
    Research Question
    Residual Analysis
    Retrospective Cohort
    ROC Curve
    Sample Size
    Sampling
    Sampling Error
    Sampling Method
    Scales Of Measurement
    Science
    Search Engine
    Search Query
    Sensitivity
    Simple Random Sampling
    Sitemap
    Skewness
    Social Science
    Spearman-Brown
    Spearman's Rho
    Specificity
    Specificity In Literature Searching
    Sphericity Assumption
    Split-half Reliability
    SPSS
    Standard Deviation
    Standards Of Care
    Statistical Analysis
    Statistical Assumptions
    Statistical Consultation
    Statistical Power
    Statistical Power Analysis
    Statistical-power-test
    Statistician
    Statistics
    Stratified Random Sampling
    Survey
    Survey Construct Specification
    Survey Methods
    Systematic Review
    Test-Retest Reliability
    Twitter
    Two-sided Hypothesis
    Two-Way Mixed
    Two-Way Random
    Type I Error
    Type II Error
    Unadjusted Odds Ratio
    Validity
    Variables
    Variance
    Wilcoxon
    Within-subjects
    YouTube


    Contact Form

Contact Dr. Eric Heidel
consultation@scalelive.com
(865) 742-7731

Copyright © 2023 Scalë. All Rights Reserved. Patent Pending.