Nested case-control
The study design is "nested" within a prospective cohort where specimens and risk factors are available
A nested case-control study is conducted within the methodology of a prospective cohort design that has a large source of cohort participant specimens and risk factors at baseline. The case-control study is "nested" within the prospective cohort in that participants are derived from the cohort and analyzed. Case participants are compared to control participants on specimens and risk factors related to an outcome of interest.
Obviously, the nested case-control design is not feasible if there are not enough viable specimens available for analysis or risk factors of interest were not collected. Fresher specimens are preferred over long-term stored specimens because study results can be greatly altered based on the specimens themselves. However, from an empirical standpoint, the best part of a nested case-control study is that the recall bias associated with traditional case-control designs does not apply because the observations are analyzed prospectively.
Obviously, the nested case-control design is not feasible if there are not enough viable specimens available for analysis or risk factors of interest were not collected. Fresher specimens are preferred over long-term stored specimens because study results can be greatly altered based on the specimens themselves. However, from an empirical standpoint, the best part of a nested case-control study is that the recall bias associated with traditional case-control designs does not apply because the observations are analyzed prospectively.
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