Intervention
The "I" in PICO represents the intervention, exposure, test, or agent
The intervention is the focus of the second part of the PICO framework. The predictor/independent variable is what you are manipulating in a research study to understand its associations or effects on outcome/dependent variables. The "I" or intervention needs to be presented in a standardized and objective fashion so that it can be meticulously replicated in other applied research environments. Regardless if "I" in PICO is an intervention, exposure, test, or agent, the theoretical or conceptual framework associated with the intervention must be overtly specified.
In between-subjects research designs, the predictor/independent variable is often related to group membership. In within-subjects designs, the intervention is given in between the baseline and post observations of the outcome. With multivariate designs, the association between the intervention and the outcome is adjusted for by demographic, clinical, prognostic, and confounding variables. The "I" or intervention in PICO is used by researchers to better understand outcomes.
In between-subjects research designs, the predictor/independent variable is often related to group membership. In within-subjects designs, the intervention is given in between the baseline and post observations of the outcome. With multivariate designs, the association between the intervention and the outcome is adjusted for by demographic, clinical, prognostic, and confounding variables. The "I" or intervention in PICO is used by researchers to better understand outcomes.
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